| Authors (Published years) |
The number of subjects |
Disease |
Time after onset |
Material of observation |
Duration of treatment |
Assessment of treatment |
Outcome |
| Franceschini et al. (2012) |
102 (53EG, 49CG) |
Subacute stroke (hemorrhage, ischemia) |
30±7 days |
observe video of daily routine tasks (3min) and imitation (2 min)×3 motor sequence×2/day |
4 weeks (5 sessions/week) 20 tasks (1task/day) |
FM, FAT, BBT, AS, FIM motor item |
Improvement in BBT after 4weeks Improvement lasted 4 to 5 months |
| Franceschini et al. (2010) |
28 (only EG) |
Chronic stroke (ischemic, hemorrhage) |
NR |
observe video of hand daily actions (3 min) and imitation (2 min)×3 to 4 motor acts×2 |
40 min/day, 4 weeks (5 days/week) |
FM, FAT, AS, FIM, BI |
Improvement of BI, FIM, FM, AS, FAT Improvement lasted 2 months |
| Celnik et al. (2008) |
8 |
Chronic stroke (unilateral cortical or
subcortical) |
more than 1 year |
observe video display with the thumb movement of a healthy volunteer |
30 min, 3 testing session (crossover design) |
TMS-evoked movement direction |
Change of TMS-evoked movement direction |
| Ertelt et al. (2007) |
16(8EG, 8CG) |
Chronic stroke (ischemic of MCA) |
more than 6 months |
observe video of daily life hand and arm actions (6 min), and subject performed the observed action (6 min) |
90 min/day, 18 working days (4 weeks) |
FAT, WMFT, SIS |
The improvement FAT, WMFT and SIS The improvement lasted for 8 weeks after the end of the intervention |
EG: Experimental Group, CG: Control Group, NR: Not Reported, FM: Fugl-Meyer, FAT: Frenchay Arm Test, BBT: Box And Block Test, AS: Modified Ashworth Scale, FIM:
Functional Independence Measure, BI: Modified Barthel Index, WMFT: Wolf Motor Function Test, SIS: Stroke Impact Scale |
