Vectors Genes Species/Cells Locations References
Adenovirus Bmp-2 Rat Femur [68]
Osteoporotic sheep Injury site [69]
Goat Tibia [73,81]
Bmp-7 Rat Alveolar bone defect [74]
Rat Alveolar bone defect [76]
Pdgf-bb Rat Alveolar bone defect [75]
AAV Bmp-2 Mouse Cranial defect [83]
Rat Hind limb [81]
Bmp-4 Immunocompetent rat Intramuscular [80]
Rankl/Vegf Mouse Femoral bone allograft [82]
Retrovirus Bmp-2 SCID mouse/BMSCs Hind limb [171]
Bmp-4 Mouse/MDSCs Subcutaneous back [86]
Polyethylenimine Bmp-4 Rat Cranial defect [91]
Polyethyleneglyco Runx2/caAlk6 Mouse Skull bone [92]
Electroporation Bmp-2 Mouse Skeletal muscle [94]
Bmp-4 Rat Gastrocnemius [95]
Ultrasound Bmp-11 Canine Pulp tissue [96]
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs); Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2); constitutively active activin receptor-like kinase 6 (caALK6); Muscle-Derived Stem Cells (MDSCs); Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF); receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL); runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2); and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).
Table 2: Summary of gene therapy studies for bone/dental tissue engineering.