| Definition of periodontal disease (dependent variable) |
(Self-reported questionnaire score ≥ 2 versus < 2) Odd Ratio* (95% Confidence interval) |
P-value |
| Hujoel et al. [19] |
8.69 (4.32, 17.48) |
<0.005 |
| Beck et al. [20] |
9.13 (4.21, 19.82) |
<0.005 |
| Machtei et al. [21] |
18.87 (5.58, 63.81) |
<0.005 |
| Lopez et al. [22] |
15.33 (6.54, 35.96) |
<0.005 |
| Page and Eke [23] |
11.14 (5.17, 24.02) |
<0.005 |
| Page and Eke [23] |
18.96 (5.48, 65.58) |
<0.005 |
| Borrell et al. [24] |
8.31 (4.27, 16.14) |
<0.005 |
*Adjusted for residency area, smoking, brushing, auxiliary aids, age, income, and
education. |
