| Antifungal agent |
Concentration, ppm |
Frass (mg) |
Weight gain (mg) |
CR (mg/day) |
RCR (day-1) |
AD (%) |
ECI (%) |
ECD (%) |
| Methyl paraben |
1000 |
231.5 ± 10.57a |
141.0 ± 5.81a |
80.1 ± 2.66a |
0.6 ± 0.02b |
60.0 ± 0.91a |
24.6 ± 0.57a |
42.0 ± 1.34a |
| |
5000 |
151.7 ± 10.09b |
92.9 ± 5.93b |
56.8 ± 2.07b |
0.8 ± 0.05a |
64.0 ± 1.56a |
21.8 ± 0.98ab |
37.3 ± 2.41a |
| |
10000 |
142.0 ± 13.80b |
83.4 ± 7.57b |
51.8 ± 2.96b |
0.8 ± 0.07a |
64.9 ± 1.91a |
20.9 ± 1.11b |
35.5 ± 2.64a |
| Potassium sorbate |
1000 |
223.0 ± 11.16a |
137.7 ± 6.26a |
78.7 ± 3.07a |
0.6 ± 0.02b |
60.8 ± 0.71b |
24.4 ± 0.45a |
40.9 ± 1.03a |
| |
5000 |
184.3 ± 8.31b |
116.7 ± 4.26b |
66.8 ± 2.31b |
0.6 ± 0.01b |
61.3 ± 0.71ab |
24.9 ± 0.53a |
41.4 ± 1.22a |
| |
10000 |
132.8 ± 6.00c |
78.9 ± 3.70c |
50.6 ± 1.54c |
0.7 ± 0.03a |
63.5 ± 0.89a |
21.6 ± 0.63b |
34.9 ± 1.32b |
| Sodium propionate |
1000 |
218.8 ± 11.90a |
132.2 ± 6.88a |
77.9 ± 3.20a |
0.7 ± 0.05b |
61.5 ± 1.10b |
23.2 ± 0.78a |
39.5 ± 1.77a |
| |
5000 |
186.3 ± 10.58a |
112.5 ± 5.93a |
69.1 ± 2.93a |
0.7 ± 0.03b |
62.8 ± 0.85b |
22.7 ± 0.58a |
37.0 ± 1.26a |
| |
10000 |
126.0 ± 8.91b |
75.3 ± 5.23b |
54.4 ± 2.47 b |
1.0 ± 0.10a |
68.9 ± 1.06a |
18.6 ± 0.84b |
28.2 ± 1.46b |
Mean ± SEM followed by the same letter within columns are not significantly different (6 replications, P<0.05, Tukey HSD test [JMP 10]). |
