| Antifungal agent |
Concentration, ppm |
Frass (mg) |
Weight gain (mg) |
CR (mg/day) |
RCR (day-1) |
AD (%) |
ECI (%) |
ECD (%) |
| Methyl paraben |
1000 |
93.5 ± 6.87a |
56.1 ± 4.17a |
24.3 ± 1.11a |
0.5 ± 0.03b |
67.4 ± 1.30b |
19.7 ± 0.85a |
30.5 ± 1.67a |
| |
5000 |
91.5 ± 6.41a |
53.5 ± 3.65a |
24.6 ± 1.08a |
0.6 ± 0.03b |
68.2 ± 1.24b |
18.5 ± 0.69a |
28.3 ± 1.38a |
| |
10000 |
62.5 ± 5.12b |
34.8 ± 2.80b |
19.5 ± 0.89b |
0.7 ± 0.05a |
72.6 ± 1.32a |
15.0 ± 0.71b |
21.6 ± 1.29b |
| Potassium sorbate |
1000 |
99.7 ± 8.67a |
58.7 ± 4.61a |
25.0 ± 1.42a |
0.5 ± 0.04b |
66.0 ± 1.47b |
20.2 ± 0.88a |
31.8 ± 1.74a |
| |
5000 |
98.8 ± 9.17a |
52.3 ± 4.51a |
24.1 ± 1.48a |
0.5 ± 0.03b |
65.2 ± 1.51b |
18.6 ± 0.82a |
29.7 ± 1.72a |
| |
10000 |
51.1 ± 3.87b |
28.6 ± 2.29b |
16.8 ± 0.67b |
0.7 ± 0.05a |
73.9 ± 1.12a |
14.4 ± 0.69b |
20.2 ± 1.18b |
| Sodium propionate |
1000 |
100.5 ± 8.13a |
57.8 ± 3.86a |
25.8 ± 1.41a |
0.5 ± 0.04b |
66.4 ± 1.50b |
19.8 ± 0.72a |
30.9 ± 1.41a |
| |
5000 |
95.7 ± 6.79a |
56.7 ± 3.58a |
23.5 ± 1.10a |
0.5 ± 0.03b |
65.6 ± 1.22b |
20.8 ± 0.75a |
32.8 ± 1.44a |
| |
10000 |
41.0 ± 3.26b |
27.4 ± 2.20b |
15.2 ± 0.63b |
0.8 ± 0.07a |
76.9 ± 1.15a |
15.3 ± 0.84b |
20.8 ± 1.38b |
Mean ± SEM followed by the same letter within columns are not significantly different (6 replications, P<0.05, Tukey HSD test [JMP 10]). |
