Solvent |
Plant part |
Exposure concentration (µL/L air) |
5.0 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
C. maculatus |
Hexane |
Leaf |
2.86 ± 1.85a |
8.89 ± 2.22ab |
20.75±2.94abc |
23.56 ±2.30bc |
Fruit |
7.30 ± 2.03a |
13.02 ± 0.78a |
36.67 ± 2.18a |
45.78 ± 2.99a |
Diethyl ether |
Leaf |
10.07±2.71abc |
14.52 ±2.69cd |
31.67 ± 2.21c |
50.89 ± 2.66b |
Fruit |
22.38 ± 2.63a |
50.24 ± 3.89a |
100.0 ± 0.0a |
100.0 ± 0.0a |
Methanol |
Leaf |
2.22 ± 1.21a |
7.30 ± 2.03a |
17.30 ± 2.19b |
25.56 ± 2.06b |
Fruit |
5.08 ± 2.15a |
10.79 ± 2.76a |
32.86 ± 2.68a |
41.33 ± 3.74a |
S. oryzae |
Hexane |
Leaf |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
4.44 ± 2.78c |
12.44 ±2.69bc |
18.22 ± 1.77c |
Fruit |
2.86 ± 1.85a |
10.16 ±2.63ab |
26.67 ±2.21ab |
36.44 ±2.77ab |
Diethyl ether |
Leaf |
5.08 ± 1.15bc |
9.52 ± 2.61d |
26.01 ± 2.07c |
41.78 ± 2.30b |
Fruit |
15.79 ±1.75ab |
37.22 ±1.63ab |
83.56 ± 3.13c |
100.0 ± 0.0a |
Methanol |
Leaf |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
8.89 ± 1.97b |
17.44 ± 2.74b |
Fruit |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
5.08 ± 1.15a |
19.71 ±2.39ab |
29.33 ±1.99ab |
T. castaneum |
Hexane |
Leaf |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
0.0 ± 0.0c |
6.22 ± 2.05c |
12.89 ± 1.77c |
Fruit |
0.0 ± 0.0 a |
0.0 ± 0.0c |
20.22±2.56abc |
28.89±2.06abc |
Diethyl ether |
Leaf |
2.22 ± 1.22c |
6.67 ± 2.72d |
17.90 ± 2.07d |
36.89 ± 2.16b |
Fruit |
10.16±2.63abc |
27.56 ±2.23bc |
66.22 ± 3.18b |
92.00 ± 2.89a |
Methanol |
Leaf |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
4.44 ± 2.72b |
13.89 ± 2.77b |
Fruit |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
0.0 ± 0.0a |
13.65 ± 0.63b |
22.78 ± 2.89b |
Values represent Mean ± SD; Similar alphabets in a column do not differ significantly using Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05).
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