| Teratogen |
|
Most Common Malformations |
| Drugs |
Alcohol |
VSD, PDA, ASD |
| Amphetamines |
VSD, PDA, ASD, TGA |
| Hydantoin |
PS, AS, CA, PDA |
| Trimethadione |
TGA, TF, HLHS |
| Lithium |
EA, TA, ASD |
| Retinoic Acid |
VSD |
| Infections |
Rubella |
PAS, PDA, VSD, ASD |
| Maternal Conditions |
Diabetes Mellitus |
TGA,VSD,CA |
| SLE |
Heart Block |
| Phenylketonuria |
TF, VSD, ASD |
VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect, PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, ASD: Atrial Septal Defect, TGA: Transposition of Great Arteries, PS: Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, AS: Aortic
Stenosis, CA: Coarctation of the Aorta, TF: Tetralogy of Fallot, HLHS: Hypoplastic Left-Heart Syndrome, EA: Ebstein Anomaly, TA: Tricuspid Atresia. |
