| Absolute |
| • Acute myocardial infarction (3-5 days) |
| • Unstable angina |
| • Uncontrolled arrhythmias causing symptoms or haemodynamic compromise |
| • Syncope |
| • Active endocarditis |
| • Acute myocarditis or pericarditis |
| • Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis |
| • Uncontrolled heart failure |
| • Acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction |
| • Thrombosis of lower extremities |
| • Suspected dissecting aneurysm |
| • Uncontrolled asthma |
| • Pulmonary oedema |
| • Room air desaturation at rest <85% |
| • Respiratory failure |
| • Acute noncardiopulmonary disorder that may affect exercise performance or
beaggravated by exercise (i.e. infection, renal failure, thyrotoxicosis) |
| • Mental impairment leading to inability to cooperate |
| Relative |
| • Left main coronary stenosis or its equivalent |
| • Moderate stenoticvalvular heart disease |
| • Severe untreated arterial hypertension at rest (>200 systolic and >120 mm Hg
diastolic) |
| Tachyarrhythmias |
| • High-degree atrioventricular block |
| • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| • Significant pulmonary hypertension |
| • Advanced or complicated pregnancy |
| • Electrolyte abnormalities |
| • Orthopaedic impairment that compromises performance |
