| Feedback devices |
The effect of using a CPR feedback device (with vs. without) |
| Compression depth |
Compression rate |
| Depth
(mm)* |
No. at “correct”
depth (%)* |
P-value |
Compressions
(rate minute-1)* |
No. at “correct”
rate (%)* |
P-value |
| Voice-advisory manikins (VAM) |
| “Skill Reporter”19 |
40.0 vs. 36.7 |
|
0.018 |
106.7 vs. 106.0 |
|
ns |
| Motion capture technologies (or virtual reality enhanced manikins, VREM) |
| Infra-red camera21 |
69.0 vs. 65.0 |
|
ns |
121.5 ± 11 vs. 102.6 ± 18 |
|
<0.001 |
| Microsoft Kinect™(mini VREM)22 |
|
47.4 vs. 24.9 |
0.002 |
|
72.0 vs. 31.4 |
<0.001 |
| Defibrillators with built in feedback functions |
| Phillips HeartStart-Mrx™ with Q-CPR™ 26 |
38 ± 6 vs. 34 ± 9 |
53 vs. 24 |
<0.001 |
109 ± 12 vs. 121 ± 18 |
|
0.001 |
| Investigational defibrillator
(IDE #G020121)27 |
44 ± 10 vs. 43 ± 12 |
|
0.47 |
100 ± 13 vs. 104 ± 18 |
|
0.16 |
| Portable feedback devices |
| CPREzy™23 |
|
71.2 vs. 34.1 |
≤0.01 |
|
93.7 vs. 19.8 |
≤ 0.01 |
| PocketCPR™24 |
50.8 ± 10 vs. 38.1 ± 10 |
|
0.05 |
101 ± 9.7 vs. 127 ± 13.8 |
|
<0.001 |
| CPRmeter™25 |
|
73.1 vs. 45.2 |
<0.001 |
|
94.6 vs. 62.4 |
< 0.001 |
| Smartphone applications |
| iCPR™31 |
37.2 ± 12 vs. 41.1 ± 13 |
|
0.57 |
101.1 ± 3 vs. 107.8 ± 21 |
|
<0.01 |
| PocketCPR™32 |
40.0 vs. 41.0 |
|
0.85 |
92.8 vs. 96.1 |
|
0.57 |
CPR=Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, VAM = voice advisory manikins,
VREM=virtually enhanced manikins *data presented as intervention group vs. control group |
