|   | 
        Group 1 
          (n=30) | 
        Group 2 
          (n=30) | 
        Group 3 
          (n=30) | 
        P-value | 
      
      
        | Age (yr, [range])  | 
        31 (7) [21-50] | 
        30 (5) [20-40]  | 
        30 (5) [20-42] | 
          | 
      
      
        | Weight (kg)  | 
        79.5 (12.6) | 
        78.1 (12.7) | 
        79.0 (13.8) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Height (cm)  | 
        157.7 (4.5) | 
        157.6 (4.7)  | 
        156.9 (4.8) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Parity (n)  | 
        1 (1) | 
        1 (1)  | 
        1 (1) | 
          | 
      
      
        | ASA class (I/II)  | 
        24/6 | 
        22/8 | 
        21/9 | 
          | 
      
      
        | Surgery time (min)  | 
        52 (3)  | 
        53 (4) | 
        53 (3) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Fasting duration (h)  | 
        9.9 (1.5) | 
        9.9 (1.2)  | 
        9.9 (1.5) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Intraoperative fluid (ml)  | 
        628 (307)  | 
        590 (297)  | 
        575 (283) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Intraoperative blood loss (ml)  | 
        593 (105)  | 
        591 (101)  | 
        587 (100) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Intraoperative urine output (ml)  | 
        100 (20)  | 
        113 (40) | 
        104 (21) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Apgar scores at 1 min  | 
        8 (1)  | 
        8 (1)  | 
        8 (1) | 
          | 
      
      
        | Apgar scores at 5 min  | 
        10 (1)  | 
        10 (1)  | 
        10 (1) | 
          | 
      
      
        Sensory level (n) 
          T1 
          T2  
          T3  
          T4  
          T5 
          T6  | 
         
          2 (6.7%) 
            15 (50%)  
            9 (30%)   
            3 (10%)  
            1 (3.3%) 
            0  | 
         
          0 
            0  
            1 (3.3%) 
            17 (56.7%)  
            12 (40%)  
            0  | 
         
          0 
            0 
            0 
            2 (6.7%) 
            14 (46.7%) 
            14(46.7%) | 
        <0.001 | 
      
      
        | Epidural supplementation (n)  | 
        0  | 
        0  | 
        8 (26.7%) | 
        <0.001 | 
      
      
        | Time to Bromage score 2 (min)  | 
        112 (17)  | 
        110 (16)  | 
        105 (28)  | 
        0.437 |