| Group |
Treatment |
Glutathione |
Nitric Oxide |
Malondialdehyde |
Histamine |
| µmol/g tissue |
% of control ulcer |
µmol/g tissue |
% of control ulcer |
nmol/g tissue |
% of control ulcer |
ng/g tissue |
% of control ulcer |
| Group 1 |
Normal control |
5.67± 0.28 |
644.32 |
182.77 ± 9.29 |
561.5 |
18.67 ± 0.83 |
15.26 |
1.79 ± 0.06 |
14.49 |
| Group 2 |
Ulcer control (Pyloric ligated) |
0.88± 0.04* |
100 |
32.55 ± 2.52* |
100 |
122.37 ± 3.75* |
100 |
12.35 ± 0.46* |
100 |
| Group 3 |
Famotidine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) |
2.55 ± 0.22*@ |
289.77 |
126.15 ± 3.07*@ |
387.56 |
33.92 ± 1.87*@ |
27.72 |
3.34 ± 0.17*@ |
27.04 |
| Group 4 |
Ginger (100 mg/kg, p.o.) |
2.06 ± 0.03*@ |
234.1 |
97.3 ± 3.83*@# |
298.92 |
46.6 ± 2.25*@# |
38.08 |
4.55 ± 0.23*@ |
36.84 |
| Group 5 |
Marshmallow (100 mg/kg, p.o.) |
1.09 ± 0.02*# |
123.86 |
49.7 ± 1.72*# |
152.69 |
93.85 ± 4.4*@# |
76.69 |
9.35 ± 0.4*@# |
75.71 |
|
| Each value represents the mean of 6–8 animals ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was determined using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. *Significantly different from normal control group (p<0.05). @Significantly different from ulcer control group (p<0.05). #Significantly different from famotidine (standard drug) treated group (p<0.05). |
| Table 1: Protective effects of 14 days daily treatment with famotidine, ginger and marshmallow on nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde and histamine in pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulceration in rats. |
