Larvae were nourished with fresh cabbage leaves treated with formulations DT,
SW, DW and the essential oil of C. schoenanthus at 2 doses (THE1 and THE2).
Data in percent are Means ± SD. *P < 0.05 (SW vs DW). **P < 0.05 (THE1 and
DT vs DW).
DW: distilled water; THE1: essential oil 2g + hand soap containing soda 2 g +
distilled water 96 g; THE2: essential oil 1 g + hand soap containing soda 2 g +
distilled water 97 g;
SW: hand soap containing soda 2 g + distilled water 98 g; DT: 40 μl aqueous
solution containing 0.25 mg of active ingredient.

Figure1: Evolution of the larvae of P. xylostella towards the adult forms at 96 hours.