Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam
Stage Human Health
(DALY)
Ecosystem Quality
(PDF / m2 / yr)
Human Health
(DALY)
Ecosystem Quality
(PDF / m2 / yr)
Production 2.47 × 10-4 34.1 1.09 × 10-5 0.798
Transport 5.96 × 10-8 0.008 3.63 × 10-8 0.004
Application 2.21 × 10-5 25.0 2.26 × 10-5 25.8
Total 2.69 × 10-4 59.1 3.36 × 10-5 26.6
Percent Reduction from Imidacloprid 87% 45%
Table 5: Life cycle endpoint results for Human Health and Ecosystem quality impacts (1 ha basis).