| Cause |
Effect |
Low+ |
High+ |
Beta-coeff.(95% CI) |
Estimated odds ratio (95% CI) |
| Age |
CVD |
43.4 |
65.2 |
1.54 (1.11, 1.97) |
4.65 (3.03, 7.14) |
| Age |
Statin use |
43.4 |
65.2 |
0.84 (0.69, 0.99) |
2.31 (1.99, 2.69) |
| Age |
Anti-hypertensive |
43.4 |
65.2 |
1.44 (1.31, 1.57) |
4.23 (3.72, 4.82) |
| Age |
Family history of CVD |
43.4 |
65.2 |
-0.31(-0.43, -0.20) |
0.73 (0.65, 0.82) |
| Age |
Systolic blood pressure |
43.4 |
65.2 |
10.42 (9.5, 11.34) |
N/A |
| Age |
Sex (men) |
43.4 |
65.2 |
-0.73 (-0.83, -0.62) |
0.48 (0.43, 0.54) |
| Ethnic group |
Diabetes |
Other |
Indian |
1.64(1.33, 1.95) |
5.14 (3.78, 7.00) |
| |
|
Other |
Maori |
1.03(0.84,1.23) |
2.81 (2.31, 3.42) |
| |
|
Other |
Pacific |
1.86(1.68, 2.04) |
6.44(5.39, 7.70) |
| Ethnic group |
Smoker |
Other |
Indian |
-0.50 (-0.99, -0.01) |
0.60(0.37, 0.99) |
| |
|
Other |
Maori |
1.28(1.12, 1.45) |
3.60(3.05, 4.25) |
| |
|
Other |
Pacific |
0.72(0.54, 0.91) |
2.06 (1.72, 2.48) |
| Ethnic group (adj. for age) |
Family history of CVD |
Other |
Indian |
0.02(-0.28, 0.32) |
1.02(0.75, 1.37) |
| |
|
Other |
Maori |
-0.24(-0.41, -0.07) |
0.79 (0.67, 0.93) |
| |
|
Other |
Pacific |
-1.03 (-1.24, -0.82) |
0.36 (0.29, 0.44) |
| Diabetes (adj. for age) |
Statin use |
No |
Yes |
1.94 (1.77, 2.10) |
6.94 (5.90, 8.16) |
| Diabetes (adj. for age) |
Antihyper-tensive use |
No |
Yes |
1.68 (1.53, 1.84) |
5.38 (4.60, 6.28) |
| Statin use(adj. for age) |
Antihyper-tensive use |
No |
Yes |
1.70 (1.55, 1.86) |
5.49 (4.69, 6.42) |
| Anti-hypertensive (adj. for age) |
Systolic blood pressure |
No |
Yes |
7.30(6.28, 8.33) |
N/A |
| Smoker (no adj.) |
CVD |
No |
Yes |
0.59(0.15, 1.03) |
1.80 (1.16, 2.79) |
| Smoker (no adj.) |
Total: HDL-cholesterol ratio |
No |
Yes |
0.51 (0.43, 0.59) |
N/A |
| Family history (adj. for ethnic group and age) |
Statin Use |
No |
Yes |
0.42 (0.26, 0.58) |
1.52 (1.30, 1.79) |
| Sex (no adj.) |
Total: HDL-cholesterol ratio |
Female |
Male |
0.61(0.55, 0.67) |
N/A |
CVD: Cardiovascular disease. HDL: high density lipoprotein. adj.: adjustment. N/A: not applicable.
+for age, comparisons were made at the 84th and 16th centiles to allow comparison with measures of effects from binary variables [21]. |
