Model effect Multilevel model Men   Women   Estimates (SE) [95% Conf. Interval] Estimates (SE) [95% Conf. Interval] Fixed effect         Intercept -.4283 (.2004)** [-.8211, -.0354] -.6001(.3298)** [-1.2467, .0464] Random effect Intercept (level 3) .4193 (.1917)** [.1711, 1.0272] 1.1608 (.5173)** [.4846, 2.7803] Random effect Intercept (level 2): Region>cluster .8591 (.0718)** [.7293, 1.0120] 1.4636 (.1127)** [1.2585, 1.7021] Variance (eijk)  (3.1416)2/3=3.27   3.27   -2logL -8724.444   -9767.64   Deviance 17448.888       N 14,110   16,515   LR test vs. logistic regression: chi2(2) =  1789.56   Prob> chi2 = 0.0000 chi2(2) =  4035.73   Prob> chi2 = 0.0000

Table 6: Parameters estimates and standard errors of an intercept-only multilevel model predicting the probability of being tested for HIV among men and women (S.Es are placed in parentheses).