Tree species Bacteria Activity Method Ref. Scots pine,knotwood Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 5 ± 13% 0 ± 4% 13 ± 2% 79 ± 3% 30 ± 23% 47 ± 20% 0 ± 3% Well microplates and turbidity reader [30] Scots pine,knotwood extract Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans strong, > 20 mm strong, > 20 mm moderate, 16-19 mm Agardiffusion [28] Scots pine,phloem Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus slight, 1-3 mm clear, 4-10 mm Cylinder diffusion [32] Norway spruce,knotwood Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans 0 0 small, 11-15 mm Agar diffusion [28] Norway spruce,knotwood andbark Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereusStaphylococcus aureusListeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 0 0 knotwood 38%, bark 0% knotwood 15%, bark 0% 0 0 0 Well microplatesand turbidityreader [30] Norway spruce,needles Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus 0 slight, 1-3 mm Cylinder diffusion [32] Silver birch,knotwood Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans 0 0 small, 11-15 mm   [28] Silver birch,knotwood andbark Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 0 0 knotwood 20%, bark 22% knotwood 14%, bark 0% 0 0 0 Well microplatesand turbidity reader [30] White birch, leaf Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus slight, 1-3 mm clear, 4-10 mm Cylinder diffusion [32] MBC = minimal bactericidal concentration, MIC = minimal inhibiting concentration

Table 2: Antibacterial activity of wood extracts and essential oils against selected bacteria