Substanceclass Substance Bacteria Inhibitory effect, % Method Ref.
Hydroxy-cinnamicacid Ferulic acid(commercial) Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis Slight Slight No inhibition Agar welldiffusion [43]
Escherichia coli Bacillus licheniformis Micrococcus luteus MIC 375 mg L-1 MIC 375 mg L-1 MIC 375 mg L-1 Not announced [44]
Chlorogenic acid(commercial) Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis Clear No inhibition No inhibition Agarwell diffusion [43]
Stilbene Pinosylvin(Scots pine knotwood) Escherichia coli Salmonella infantisPseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 54 ± 8 42 ± 20 50 ± 15 101 ± 6 76 ± 2 62 ± 15 0 ± 0 Well microplatesand turbidity reader [30]
Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans 29-34 mm 21 mm 23 mm Disc diffusionand liquidculture [28]
Pinosylvinmonomethylether (Scots pineknotwood) Escherichia coliSalmonella infantisPseudomonas fluorescensBacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 17 ± 7 40 ± 7 35 ± 2 92 ± 4 105 ± 12 100 ± 7 2 ± 11 Well microplatesand turbidity reader [30]
Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans 15-17 mm 18 mm 13 mm Disc and liquiddiffusionculture [28]
Dihydropinosylvinmonomethyl ether(Scots pine knotwood) Escherichia coliSalmonella infantisPseudomonas fluorescensBacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 18 ± 2 14 ± 2 22 ± 6 82 ± 3 76 ± 4 64 ± 12 1 ± 1 Well microplates and turbidity reader [30]
Burkholderiamultivorans Bacillus coagulans Alcaligenesxylosoxydans 20-23 mm 19 mm 13 mm Disc diffusion and liquidculture [28]
Resveratrol(C. baiaessi) MRSA MIC > 128 mg L-1 Liquid microdilution [15]
Resveratrol(commercial) Escherichia coli MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1 Agar well [45]
diffusion  
Salmonella anatum MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1    
Bacillus cereus MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 2500 mg L-1
Listeria monocytogenes MIC 625 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1
Staphylococcus aureus MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1
Stilbeneglucoside Piceid(commercial) Escherichia coli MIC 625 mg L-1 MBC 1250 mg L-1 Agar welldiffusion [45]
Salmonella anatum MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 313 mg L-1
Bacillus cereus MIC >2500 mg L-1 MBC 2500 mg L-1
Listeria monocytogenes MIC 625 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1
Staphylococcus aureus MIC 313 mg L-1 MBC 625 mg L-1
Flavone Apigenin Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis No inhibition No inhibition No inhibition Agar welldiffusion

[43]
Flavanone Pinocembrin(Pinuscembraknotwood) Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 15 ± 2 14 ± 8 7 ± 37 4 ± 6 30 ± 9 55 ± 16 4 ± 5 Well microplatesand turbidity reader

[30]
Flavonol Quercetin, 500 µg(commercial) Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Micrococcus luteusBacillus subtilisStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus epidermis Slight-moderate Slight Moderate Slight Clear Clear Hole-platediffusion

[32]
Quercetin Staphylococcus aureus MIC 2 mM Hole-in-plate

[46]
Quercetin Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica No - clear Agar welldiffusion

[43]
Isoguercitrin(quercetin-3-glucoside) Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis No inhibition No inhibition No inhibition Agar welldiffusion

[43]
Kaempferol,(commercial) Escherichia coli Micrococcus luteus Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermis No activity No activity SlightClear No activity Hole-platediffusion

[32]

MRSA MIC 25->400 mg L-1 Agar dilution [19]
Myricetin Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis Strong No inhibition No inhibition Agar welldiffusion

[43]
Flavanone Naringenin(commercial) MRSA MIC 200-400 mg L-1 Agar dilution

[19]
Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Micrococcus luteus Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermis Moderate-clear Slight Strong Clearstrong Strong Strong Hole-platediffusion

[32]
Flavan Catechin Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica Enterococcus faecalis No inhibition No inhibition No inhibition Agar welldiffusion

[43]
Tannins Gallic acid Escherichia coli Proteus mirabilisStaphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermis Staphylococcushaemolyticus MIC 125 mg L-1 MIC 62 mg L-1 MIC 31 mg L-1 MIC 31 mg L-1 MIC 62 mg L-1 Disc diffusion

[47]
Lignans Matairesinol (synthesized), Hydroxymatairesinol(Norway spruce), Lariciresinol (balsam fir), Secoisolariciresinol (Brazilian pine) Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Well microplates and turbidity reader

[30]
Isolariciresinol, Nortrachelogenin (Scots pine knotwood) Escherichia coli Salmonella infantis Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Lactobacillus plantarum 0 0 0 10-13 0 0 0 Well microplatesand turbidity reader

[30]
MIC = minimal inhibiting concentration, MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuss
Table 3: Pure antibacterial substances and their activity against selected bacteria.