Substrate concentration (Wheat bran and grease ratio) EI (oil) ( %) EI(diesel) (%) ODA (cm) DCA 1:1 43 ± 0.30 22 ± 0.07 3 ± 0.17 ++ 1.5:1 45 ± 0.06 24 ± 0.01 4 ± 0.30 +++ 2:1 43 ± 0.10 18 ± 0.50 2 ± 0.2 ++ 2.5:1 40 ± 0.22 18 ± 0.03 1 ± 0.72 + 3:1 37 ± 0.13 15 ± 0.04 1 ± 0.51 +

Table 3: Effects of substrate ratio for biosurfactant production in terms of EI: emulsification index; ODA: Oil Displacement Assay; DCA: Drop Collapse Assay; (+: less dispersed drop; ++: moderate dispersed drop; +++ highly dispersed drop of surfactant).