| Engineered Enzyme |
Gene Source |
Cultivation Time (h) |
Ethanol Yield (g.l-1.h-1) |
Enzyme Activity |
Starch Source |
Reference |
| α-amylase |
Lipomyces kononenkoae |
90 |
0.05 |
87 U.l-1 |
Raw corn starch |
[57] |
| Glucoamylase |
Aspergillus awamori |
NA* |
ND# |
162 U.l-1 |
Soluble starch |
[38] |
| Glucoamylase |
Aspergillus awamori |
50 |
0.23 |
624 U.l-1 |
Soluble starch |
[39] |
| Glucoamylase |
Saccharomyces diastaticus (var. diastaticus) |
200 |
0.66 |
ND |
Soluble starch |
[7] |
| Glucoamylase |
Rhizopus oryzae |
168 |
0.77 |
60.2 U/g of wet cells |
Cassava pulp rich in starch (60%) |
[47] |
| Glucoamylase |
Aspergillus awamori |
80 |
0.175 |
ND |
Soluble starch |
[58] |
| Glucoamylase/α-amylase |
Rhizopus oryzae/ Streptococcus bovis |
72 |
0.85 |
57/114 U/g of wet cells |
Raw corn starch |
[12] |
| Glucoamylase/α-amylase |
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera/Lipomyces kononenkoae |
120 |
0.178 |
1340 /<30 U.l-1 |
Soluble starch |
[56] |
| Glucoamylase/α-amylase |
Rhizopus oryzae/ Streptococcus bovis |
120 |
0.74 |
790/1306 U.l-1 |
Raw corn starch |
[70] |
| Glucoamylase/α-amylase |
Rhizopus oryzae/ Streptococcus bovis |
24 |
1.2 |
4700/1800 U.l-1 |
High-yielding rice |
[66] |
| α-amylase/ glucoamylase/glucoamylase with debranching activity |
Debaryomyces occidentalis/Aspergillus awamori/Debaryomyces occidentalis |
168 |
0.45 |
5940/1020 U.l-1 |
Soluble starch |
[63] |
| Glucoamylase/isoamylase |
Aspergillus awamori/Pseudomonas amyloderamosa |
140 |
0.137 |
ND |
Soluble starch |
[81] |
*NA: Not available,
# ND: Not determined