Figure 1: 13/C NMR spectra of aliquots from glucose (20 wt.%) fermentation broth (maintained in ultraturrax and incubator at 30°C) collected at regular time intervals until completion. The symbol  shows glucose peaks, ▲ shows glycerol peaks, and ● shows ethanol peaks. The ratio of the intensity of peaks of ethanol (at 17 ppm) to that of glucose (at 96 ppm) was used to monitor the reaction kinetics. Reaction rate constant, k, values are mean ± standard deviation, replicate no. n=4.