Principle Enzymatic Activity Host Organism (production organism) Donor   Organism  Application Examples Price* $/Kg a-Acetolactate decarboxylase  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis  Bacillus sp.  Beverages  50-60 a-Amylase  (Thermal) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Bacillus licheniformis  Bacillus sp.  Bacillus sp.  Cereal, Beverages Sugar, Bakery  1500-10.000  Catalase  Aspergillus niger  Aspergillus sp.  Milk, Egg  1000-10.000  Chymosin  Aspergillus niger var. awamori/  Kluyveromyces lactis  Calf stomach Cheese   460-500 Cyclodextrin glucano  trans-ferase  Bacillus licheniformis  Thermoanaero-bacter sp.  Cereal  N/A* ß-Glucanase  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/ subtilis/ Trichoderma reesei or longibrachiatum  Bacillus sp.    Trichoderma sp.  Cereal, Beverages    Cereal, Dietary food    N/A Glucose  isomerase  Streptomyces lividans/  Streptomyces rubiginosus  Actinoplanes sp. Streptomyces sp.    Cereal   N/A Glucose  oxidase  Aspergillus niger  Aspergillus sp.  Egg, Beverages, Bakery, Salads  182-186  Hemicellulase  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis  Bacillus sp.  Bakery  N/A Lipase Aspergillus oryzae  Candida sp./  Rhizomucor sp./  Thermomyces sp.    Fats Fats, Bakery    202-206 Maltogenic  amylase  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis  Bacillus sp.  Cereal, Beverages, Bakery  50-1500  Protease (Neutral)  Aspergillus oryzae/  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis. Bacillus licheniformis  Rhizomucor sp. Bacillus sp.  Bacillus sp.  Cheese, Meat, Fish, Cereal Beverages, Bakery Salads  Meat, Fish    3-30 Pullulanase  Bacillus licheniformis/  Klebsiella planticola  Bacillus sp.  Klebsiella sp.  Cereal Cereal, Beverages, Bakery    15-30  Xylanase  Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus niger var. awamori/  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis/  Bacillus licheniformis/ Trichoderma reesei or longibrachiatum  Aspergillus sp. Thermomyces sp./  Bacillus sp./  Bacillus sp./ Trichoderma sp.  Cereal  Cereal, Bakery Bakery, Cereal, Beverage  Cereal  Cereal, Beverages      10-80 *Range of prices is based on values given by the manufacturer/seller in the site: http://www.alibaba.com/ N/A: not available.

Table 2: List of commercial enzymes from genetically modified microorganisms used in food industry, adapted from [14].