Figure 1b: Molecular mass estimation of purified azoreductase: The protein molecular mass standards (β-amylase: 200 kDa, alcohol dehydrogenase: 150 kDa, bovine serum albumin: 66 kDa, carbonic anhydrase: 29 kDa, and lysozyme: 14 kDa) were used. Kav is calculated for each standard marker protein by the formula: Kav = (Ve − Vo)/(Vt − Vo). The Kav values are then plotted versus the log of protein molecular mass to make a standard curve. (o: Azoreductase, ●: Protein standards).