HRP/laponite/chit/GCE HRP/Au/GCE QD/HRP/GCE CIN/HRP/PTH/GCE HRP/GCE GCE Optimum current rate 7.5 28 3 7 1.8 6 Optimum voltage -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.25 -0.2 -0.4 Percentage of deference current rate between electrodes and GCE 20 % 78.6 % -50% 14.3 % -60%

Table 1: Comparison of electrodes performance coated with different nanoparticles.