| Modified Electrode |
Mediator |
Linear range |
DetectionLimit (µM) |
Reference |
| GE/MB/HRP |
methylene blue |
10–560 µM |
3.0 |
[20] |
| SGCE/PPy/HRP |
ferrocene carboxylic acid |
0.9 µM–0.2 mM |
50.0 |
[22] |
| GCE/SG/HG/HRP |
potassium hexacyanoferrate |
0.1 µM–3.4 mM |
0.5 |
[23] |
| SGOIH/HRP |
Tetrathiafulvalene |
up to 1.3 mM |
0.3 |
[24] |
| SPCE/ TH/HRP |
thionine |
5–65 µM |
0.5 |
[27] |
| GCE/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
6.1 µM–1.8 mM |
6.1 |
[30] |
| GCE/SSG/AH/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
12.2 µM–1.5 mM |
0.6 |
[31] |
| PPDA/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.3 µM–2.0 mM |
0.1 |
[32] |
| CSG/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
12.2 µM–1.1 mM |
6.1 |
[33] |
| Cys/PAMAM/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
10 µM–2.5 mM |
2.0 |
[34] |
| TB/GNP/HRP |
toluidine blue |
0.2 µM–8.6 mM |
70 nM |
[35] |
| GL/PTH/GNP/HRP |
Polythionine |
50 µM–30.2 mM |
20.0 |
[36] |
| GCE/PTH/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
5.0 µM–0.2 mM |
1.5 |
[37] |
| PTHNW/GNP/HRP |
Polythionine |
0.5 µM–13.0 mM |
0.3 |
[38] |
| GCE/BAPV/GNP/HRP |
BAPV |
0.2 µM–2.0 mM |
0.1 |
[39] |
| BCN/GNP/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.3 µM–1.0 mM |
0.1 |
[40] |
| FMC/BSA/MWNTs/OC/HRP |
ferrocene carboxylic acid |
20 µM–1.0 mM |
5.0 |
[41] |
| MG/MWCNTs/HRP |
methylene green |
0.5 µM–20.0 µM |
0.5 |
[42] |
| MB/MWCNTs/HRP |
methylene blue |
4.0 µM–3.8 mM |
1.0 |
[43] |
| BCB/MWCNTs/HRP |
brilliantcresyl blue |
0.3 µM–10.0 mM |
0.1 |
[44] |
| NB/MWCNTs/HRP |
nile blue |
0.2 µM–38.0 mM |
0.1 |
[45] |
| TB/MWCNTs/HRP |
toluidine blue |
up to 40 mM |
1.7 |
[46] |
| MB/SDS/MWCNTs/HRP |
methylene blue |
0.2 µM–1.4 mM |
5 nM |
[48] |
| GCE/FC-CHIT/HRP/CHIT-GLY |
Ferrocene |
35.0 µM–1.1 mM |
8.0 |
[49] |
| GCE/CMS/CHIT/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.1–1.6 mM |
0.93 |
[51] |
| ZrO2/CHIT/GNP/HRP |
2,6-pyridinediamine -copper |
0.8 µM–3.7 mM |
0.3 |
[52] |
| GCE/ Fe3O4/CHIT/HRP |
methylene blue |
0.2–12.0 mM |
100 |
[53] |
| GCE/ γ-Al2O3/CHIT/HRP |
ferrocene carboxylic acid |
0.5 µM–0.7 mM |
70 nM |
[54] |
| GCE/ NiFe2O4/CHIT/HRP |
ferrocene carboxylic acid |
10.0 µM–2.0 mM |
2.0 |
[55] |
| Nano-MgO/CHIT/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.1 µM–1.3 mM |
50 nM |
[56] |
| TiO2 nanotube/CHIT/HRP |
methylene blue |
5.0 µM–40.0 mM |
2.0 |
[57] |
| GCE/ PNRNWs/HRP |
neutral red |
1.0 µM–8.0 mM |
1.0 |
[58] |
| GCE/PAMAM/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
3.1 µM–2.0 mM |
0.8 |
[59] |
| GDE/PTHCD/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
28.0 µM–5.5 mM |
7.0 |
[60] |
| PGMAVF/HRP |
Ferrocene |
2.0–30.0 mM |
2.6 |
[61] |
| ZnO/CHIT/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.5 µM–70 mM |
0.3 |
[64] |
| GCE/MDMS/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.2 µM–0.7 mM |
78 nM |
[65] |
| PLM/PDA/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
0.3 µM–3.1 mM |
0.1 |
[66] |
| GCE/PTBA/RTIL/HRP |
Hydroquinone |
5.0 µM–17.5 mM |
0.5 |
[67] |
GE: Graphite Electrode; MB: Methylene Blue; HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase; SGCE: Sol–gel Derived Composite Carbon; PPy: Polypyrrole; GCE: Glassy Carbon Electrode;
SG: Sol-gel; HG: Hydro Gel; SGOIH: Sol-gel Organic-Inorganic Hybrid; SPCE: Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode; TH: Thionine; GNP: Gold Nanoparticle; SSG: Silica Sol-
Gel; AH: Alginate Hybrid; PPDA: Poly(2,6-pyridinedicarboxlic acid); CSG: Carbon Sol-Gel; Cys: Cystamine; TB: Toluidine Blue; PTH: Polythionine; GL: Gelatin; PTHNW:
Polythionine Nanowire; BAPV: N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl-4,4′-bipyridinium) Tetrabromide; BCN: Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers; FMC: Ferrocene Mono Carboxylic acid; BSA:
Bovine Serum Albumin ; MWCNTs: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; OC: Ormosil Composite; MG: Methylene Green; BCB: Brilliant Cresyl Blue; NB: Nile Blue; TB: Toluidine
Blue; SDS: Sodium Dodecylsulfate; FC: Ferrocene; CHIT: Chitosan; GLY: Glyoxal; CMS: Carbon Micro Spheres; PNRNWs: Poly (neutral red) Nanowires; PAMAM:
Poly(amidoamine); PTHCD: Polythiolated-β-Cyclodextrin; GDE: Gold Electrode; PGMAVF:
Poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-vinylferrocene); MDMS: Magnetic Dextran Microsphere; PDA: Polydopamine; BLM: Bilayer Lipid Membrane; PTBA: Poly(thiophene-3-boronic
acid); RTIL: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids |