| Sample Name/
(No. of samples) |
SpeciesA |
Source |
Analysis
Lab |
MethodBC |
Ref. |
Tin
wt% |
Silicon
wt%
(No. of
samples) |
Spore coats
with : silicon/tin (%) |
| Daschle |
Ba |
letter |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M6 |
|
|
66 +D |
| Leahy |
Ba |
letter |
FBIE |
ICP-OES |
B1M7 p.9, 14 |
0.1979 |
1.6 |
|
| |
|
|
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M6 |
|
|
76 + |
| NYPost |
Ba |
letter |
FBI |
ICP-OES |
B1M7 p.12 |
0.6511 |
10.77 |
|
| |
|
|
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M6 |
|
|
65 + |
| Dugway
reverse engineered:F
ball-milled
NDLBG
NPLB
SDLB
SPLB
SDOB
NDOB
SPVBG
NPVB
m&pH milled:
NDLM
NPLM |
Ba |
Dugway
(rev. eng.) |
FBI |
ICP-OES |
B1M7
p.26-27, 93 |
0.0266
0.0033
0.0060
0.0084
0.0062
0.0051
0.0132
0.0072
0.0064
0.0038 |
5
0.5
0.7
0.8
2
2
2
0.9
0.3
0.2 |
|
| NPVB
SPOII |
Ba |
Dugway (rev. eng.) |
FBI |
SEM-EDXJ |
B1M7
p.55, 66 |
n.d.K
n.d. |
?(interference)
?(interference) |
|
| NDLB
SDLB |
Ba |
Dugway (rev. eng.) |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
NAS
p.70, 67 |
|
|
0
0 |
| Dugway SEM stubsL
(12) |
Ba |
Dugway |
FBI |
SEM-EDXJ |
B1M7
p.38, 54 |
n.d. |
?(inter-ference) |
|
| B.cereus
unspecified
treatments (10) |
Bc |
? |
FBI |
ICP-OES |
B1M7
p.7-10, 93 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
|
| AbshireM
(16) |
Ba |
USAMRIID |
FBI |
ICP-OES |
B1M7
p.93,
16, 21 |
n.d. |
0.056-0.261 (15),
0.5152 (1),
av. 0.23 |
|
| BuransN
(12) |
Ba |
USAMRIID |
FBI |
ICP-OES |
B1M7
p.23-25, 93 |
n.d. |
0.010-0.019 (11), 0.0265 (1),
av.0.016 |
|
| Stewart et al. 1980 |
Bc |
Stewart et al. 1980 |
Stewart et al. 1980 |
STEM-EDX |
Stewart et al. 1980O |
|
0.3 |
|
| Somlyo |
Bc |
Somlyo, sample from Stewart et al.1980 |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M6 p.367 |
|
|
+ |
| Weber pre-
existing
preps
(32) |
Ba, Bt, Bg |
DHS & collaborating labs (26)
+ other (6) |
L.
Liver-more |
NanoSIMS |
Weber et al. 2009P |
|
0.002-0.004 (3), 0.009-0.13 (28),
0.4 (1),
av. 0.03 |
|
| Weber
new preps
(23) |
Ba |
L.Livermore |
L.
Liver-more |
NanoSIMS |
Weber et al. 2009 |
|
0.002-0.004 (5), 0.007-0.13 (17),
0.3 (1),
av. 0.03 |
|
| RMR 1029 |
Ba |
USAMRIID |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M1 p.109Q;
NAS p.67 |
|
|
0 n.d. |
| RMR 1030 |
Ba |
USAMRIID
shake flask |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
ibid. |
|
|
6 n.d. |
| 040255-1R
fermentation |
Ba |
Dugway
fermentation |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
ibid. |
|
|
22 n.d. |
| NBFACS
(12) |
not
identified |
NBFAC |
Sandia |
STEM-EDX |
B1M6 p.432-472
|
0 (7),
1.2-4 (3),
9 (1),
av. 1.3 |
|
|
ABa = Bacillus anthracis; Bc = Bacillus cereus; Bt = Bacillus thuringiensis; Bg = Bacillus globigii.
BICP-OES = inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy; SEM-EDXj = scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis; STEM-EDX = transmission
SEM on thin sections; NanoSIMS = nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
CSensitivity of SIMS methods (NanoSIMS or TOF-SIMS (Time-of-Flight)) is greater than that of ICP-OES. Both SIMS and ICP-OES can measure an entire sample to better than 0.0001
wt%; SEM-EDX can see only the top layer and is therefore less reliable, except on thin-sectioned samples (see Brewer LN, Weber PK, Grant RP, Ghosal S, Michael JR (2006) Microanalytical
Methods for Bio-Forensics Investigations. UCRL-CONF-21920, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory;Techniques for Metal Analysis at CEST (www.nd.edu~cest/news/inorgmetals.
pdf; and Drioli E, Criscuoli A, Macedonio F (2011) Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA) (IWA Publishing)).
D+ signifies that the element was detected on some spore coats, but quantitative data are not available.
EFBI analyses using ICP-OES are summarized at B1M1 p. 83 and at B1M7 p. 93.
FPreparation of the Dugway “reverse engineered” samples is given in B1M13; sample codes are on p. 72.
GSamples NDLB and SPVB are those for which the analyses were considered most questionable by the FBI laboratory (see text).
Hmortar-and-pestle-milled.
ISPOI is one of the 36 Dugway reverse-engineered surrogates not chosen by FBI for ICP-OES analysis.
JNote that SEM-EDX measurements on non-sectioned samples do not penetrate the samples, and therefore may not detect elements that are detectable by ICP-OES or STEM-EDX.
Kn.d. indicates not detected.
LSample identities not revealed.
MSixteen samples obtained by the FBI from Teresa Abshire of USAMRIID. Some information on their preparation is given in the FBI’s Elemental Analysis Summary Table at B1M7, p. 93.
NTwelve samples obtained by the FBI from Capt. James Burans of USAMRIID. Information on preparation of the samples is given at B1M7 pp. 23-24.
OStewart M, Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV, Shuman H, Lindsay JA, et al. (1980) Distribution of calcium and other elements in cryosectioned Bacillus cereus T spores, determined by highresolution
scanning electron probe x-ray microanalysis. J Bacteriol 143: 481-491.
PWeber P, Viani B, Davisson L, Velsko S [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory], “Nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy for microbial characterization,” presentation to
the National Academy of Sciences Committee on September 25, 2009.
QCodes for samples 1029 and 1030 are identified at B1M6 p.30; code for 040255-1, at B2M14 p.69.
RSee text and references for explanation of 040255-1, the sample code used to indicate a specific fermentation product made at Dugway.
SNBFAC = National Bioforensic Analysis Center. |
