| Reference |
Renal Disease Reference standards |
Immunoassay used |
Cut-off for +ve result |
| |
Biopsy WHO GN types I-VI |
Proteinuria(P)/ Creatinine (C) |
RBC count/field |
|
|
| Siegert et al. [30] |
13/88 biopsy |
P>0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 |
Lab -made |
>137 U/ml |
| Siegert et al. [31] |
25/68 biopsy |
P>0.5 g/24 h |
RBCs in urine |
Lab-made |
>90 U/ml |
| Coremans et al. [27] |
17/33 biopsy |
P>0.5 g/24 h |
>5 |
Lab-made |
>90 U/ml |
| **Ravelli et al. [57] |
7/29 biopsy |
P>0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 |
Lab-made |
>mean 95% OD above 59 HC controls |
| Norsworthy et al. [29] |
37/199 biopsy |
P>15 mg/ 24 h |
>10 |
Lab-made |
>20 U + 5 SD above controls |
| Trendelenberg et al. [58] |
14/48 biopsy |
Abnormal values of P |
>20 |
Lab-made |
> 80 U/ml |
| Loizou et al. [59] |
31/56 biopsy |
Abnormal P |
NR |
Lab-made |
>20 U + 5 SD above controls |
| Moroni et al. [60] |
biopsy |
P>0.5 g/24 h |
>5 |
Lab-made |
> 80 U/ml |
| Oelzner et al. [61] |
27/79 biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h |
NR |
IMTEC |
≥ 30 U/ml |
| Marto et al. [62] |
77/151 biopsy |
NR |
NR |
Diagenics |
>18 U/ml |
| Sinico et al. [63] |
40/61 biopsy |
P>2.0 g/24 h |
NR |
Lab-made |
>55 U/ml |
| Jaekell et al. [64] |
Some biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR |
Orgentec |
>10 U/ml |
| **Kozyro et al. [65] |
12/112 biopsy |
P>1 g/L |
>20 |
Bühlmann |
>15 U/ml |
| Trendelenberg et al. [66] |
40/72 biopsy |
NR |
>20 |
Bühlmann |
>40 U/ml |
| Braun et al. [67] |
47/78 biopsy |
NR |
|
INOVA |
>20 U/ml |
| Meyer et al. [68] |
55/70 biopsy |
P>0.5 g/dL/24 h Increased C |
Increased RBCs |
Bühlmann |
>32 U/ml |
| Smykal-Jankowiak et al. [69] |
37/48 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5g/24 h serum C |
Increased RBCs |
Bühlmann |
>32 U/ml |
| Fang et al. [70] |
Biopsy |
P>0.3 g/24 h Increased C |
≥ 5 |
Lab-made |
>mean OD + 2 SD above 63 controls |
| Tan et al. [45] |
Biopsy |
NR |
NR |
Lab-made |
>mean OD + 2 SD above 100 controls |
| Cai et al. [71] |
Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h |
Increased RBCs |
IMTEC |
>20 U/ml |
| Mok et al. [72] |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Euroimmun |
NR |
| Pradhan et al. [73] |
Biopsy |
NR |
NR |
Binding Site |
>8 U/ml |
| Katsumata et al. [33] |
20/126 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h |
NR |
Bühlmann |
>40 U/ml |
| **Wu et al. [74] |
28/90 Biopsy |
P ≥ 50 mg/Kg/24 h Increased C |
NR |
Lab-made |
>mean OD + 1 SD (40 U/ml) above controls |
| Zhang et al. [75] |
5/49 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h |
Increased RBCs |
Euroimmun |
≥ 20U/ml |
| Pradhan et al. [76] |
45/60 Biopsy |
NR |
NR |
Autostat II C1q-CIC |
≥ 50 μg/ml anti-C1q |
| Bernstein et al. [26] |
8/60 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR |
Lab-made |
>mean OD + 2 SD above 30 inactive SLE controls |
| Haseley et al. [28] |
75/240 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 |
Lab-made |
>mean OD + 5 SD above 30 controls |
| Moura et al. [77] |
No |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR |
INOVA |
>20 U/ml |
| De Moura et al. [78] |
15/62 Biopsy |
P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h serum C |
NR |
Diagenics |
≥ 20 U/L |
| **Jesus et al. [79] |
No |
P ≥ 0.5g/24 h Increased C |
>10 |
QUATA Lite |
>20 U/ml |
| ** Pediatric study; OD: Optical Density; NR: Not Recorded |
