Serological Marker Severity of Crohn's Disease References anti-GM-CSF Stricturing Ileal Disease Generalized Stricturing and penetrating disease Dykes et al. [63] Gathungu et al. [65] ASCA-IgG Stricturing and penetrating disease Risk of Surgery Ileal involvement Dassopoulos et al. [67] Eser et al. [72] anti- flagellin Small bowel disease Penetrating and fibrostenosing disease Targan et al. [71] Pancreatic autoantibodies Penetrating disease Perianal disease Extrainstinal manifestations Lakatos et al. [76] anti-GP2 Stricturing and perianal disease Bogdanos et al. [77] GM-CSF: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; ASCA-IgG: Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisae Antibody Immunoglobulin G; GP2: Glycoprotein 2

Table 2: Serological Markers of Severity in Crohn’s Disease. Key markers involved in adaptive mucosal immune response in Crohn’s disease.