Cytokine (pg/ml) Normal T1N0Mx
TNF-α 5.2 ± 1.3 21.9 ± 8.1*
IL-12 N.D. 43.4 ± 21.1***
IL-10 N.D. 116.1 ± 42.1***
Blood samples (10/20 ml) were obtained at routine procedures before surgery after informed consent from patients classified in stage I (T1N0Mx) and from women free of illness (Normal). Sera were separated and heat-inactivated at 56°C for 30 min and stored at -20°C. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. of 4 experiments. *p<0.01; ***p<0.0001 vs. normal sera. N.D: not detected
Table 3: Levels of cytokines in the sera of breast cancer patients in stage I.