Marker category Sample type Type of molecule Name Diagnosis Serum and CSF [61,62,69] Antibody Anti-AQP 4     AEF     Diagnosis and Disease activity Serum and CSF [25,38,67] miRNA hsa-miR-326 (+)     hsa-miR-155 (+)     Antibody Anti-NSE     Anti-NF-M     Disease activity Serum and CSF [5,37,38,41,67-70] Antibody Anti-Tubulin anti-HSP60   Anti-NF-H anti-MOG   anti-α crystalline anti-MBP   anti-HSP 70     Protein and SNP IL12 (+)     Protein Tubulin (+) IL17 (+) GDNF (-=recov.) NF-H (+) TNF-a (+) NGF (-=recov.) IFN γ (+) CCL2 (-) NT3 (-=recov.) CCL5 (+) IP-10 (+) NT4 (-=recov.) Metabolite Nitric Oxide products (+)   CSF and PBMC [5] Protein BDNF (-=recov.)     cellular marker CD19+ CD138+ B cells (+)   CSF and blood [68,70] mRNA and protein Leptin (+)     FCER1A (+)     Disease activity and treatment response CSF and serum [56,67] mRNA BAFF (+)     Antibody Anti-Baff     Protein and mRNA IL10 (-)     Protein CXCL13 (+)     sVCAM (+)     CNS and blood [6] mRNA and protein IL17F (+)

(+) and (-) are in MS upregulated or downregulated molecules. (-=recov.) are proteins that are downregulated during recovery phases of MS

Table 3: Selection of putative markers shared between CNS and blood.