Reference Year of publication Country of origin Animal model Composition of the immunogens Type of adjuvants Route of administration [81] 1972 Australia Sheep Bacterins AP ----- [62] 1984 USA Sheep Bacterin or CW WOE IM [119] 1985 USA Mice Bacterin or CW MDP, TDM, BCG and Cpar IP [35] 1986 USA Goat Toxoid FIA SC [120] 1987 USA Sheep Bacterin ----- SC [82] 1988 Brazil Goat Bacterin AP ----- [121] 1989 Norway Goat Bacterin or toxoid Levamisole ----- [122] 1989 Norway Goat Bacterin + toxoid ----- ----- [123] 1990 USA Sheep / mice Bacterin MDP IM / IP [83] 1991 USA Sheep / goat Dried whole Cp cells MO + AA IM [40] 1991 USA Sheep CST BPA ----- [60] 1991 Australia Sheep Toxoid or bacterin + toxoid AH SC [124] 1991 Australia Sheep Toxoid or toxoid Cp + 5 Clostridial toxoids AH / Sodium selenate SC [125] 1991 Australia Sheep Varying concentrations of toxoid Cp+ 5 Clostridial toxoids AH SC [96] 1991 Brazil Goat Bacterin or live attenuated Cp AP (bacterin) ID [36] 1992 Australia Sheep Toxminus Cp ----- SC [98] 1994 Australia Sheep Toxminus Cp or recombinant Toxminus Cp ----- OR [38] 1994 Australia Sheep 40-kDa antigen AH SC [84] 1996 USA Sheep / goat Bacterin MDP + MO IM [3] 1997 Australia Mice Live Cp aroQ mutant or live Cp pld mutant ----- IP [64] 1998 Australia Sheep Live Cp aroQ mutant or live Cp pld mutant ----- SC [59] 1998 Canada Sheep Glanvac® 6, Case-Vac® or bacterin MDP + MO (bacterin) SC / IM [91] 1998 USA Sheep Bacterin + toxoid AH SC [65] 1999 Australia Sheep Glanvac 6 or recombinant Glanvac® 6 MA SC [126] 2000 German Goat CW ----- ----- [127] 2000 Australia Sheep Toxoid Cp + 5 Clostridial toxoids AH / Moxidectin SC [97] 2002 Brazil Goat Liophilized live attenuated Cp no ID [128] 2003 Perú Mice CST AH SC [58] 2005 Egypt Mice Bacterin, toxoid or bacterin + toxoid MO SC [99] 2006 United Kingdon Sheep Bacterin, rPLD, bacterin + rPLD, or Glanvac® 3 AH SC [61] 2007 Peru Alpacas Live Cp ---- SC [92] 2007 Peru Alpacas CW or CST MDP SC [129] 2007 Egypt Mice Bacterin, rPLD, or bacterin + rPLD MO SC [90] 2008 Brazil Goat Crude CST, concentrated CST + oligodeoxynucleotide CpG, or live attenuated Cp FIA SC [93] 2009 Brazil Mice Recombinant Heat-shock protein 60 (rHsp60) FCA / FIA SC [130] 2010 Egypt Sheep Bacterin, bacterin + rPLD, Gamma-irradiated Cp + rPLD or BCG + rPLD MO (except BCG) SC [131] 2010 USA Mice Bacterin + toxoid ----- ----- [132] 2010 Turkey Sheep Bacterin + toxoid FCA SC [133] 2011 Saudi Arabia Sheep Glanvac® 6 Olive oil SC Abbreviations: Immunogens - Cp = Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Bacterin = Cp killed whole cells; CW = sonicated Cp cell wall; CST = filtrated culture supernatant exotoxins; Toxoid = inactivated exotoxins or phospholipase D (PLD); rPLD = recombinant PLD; Glanvac®and Case-Vac® = commercial vaccines; Toxminus = Cp with deleted pld gene; Adjuvants - WOE = Water-in-oil emulsion; MO = mineral oil; AA = Arlacel A or monooleate of manitol; AH = aluminum hydroxide; AP = Aluminum phosphate; MDP = muramyl dipeptide; TDM = trehalose dimycolate; BCG = heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG; Cpar = heat killed Corynebacterium parvum; FCA = complete Freund’s adjuvant; FIA = incomplete Freund’s adjuvant; BPA = block polymer adjuvant; MA= multicomponent adjuvant; Route of administration - SC = subcutaneous; IM = intramuscular; IP = intraperitoneal; ID = intradermal; OR = oral.

Table 1: Summary of data from scientific works published in the last 40 years related to vaccine models against infection caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in different animal models.