|   | 
        Melasma group (NO=20) | 
        Vitiligo group (NO=20) | 
        Healthy controls (NO=20) | 
        X2 or t-test  | 
        p    value  | 
         
      
        | Average age (year, mean ± SD) | 
        33.3 ± 6.3  | 
        27.7 ± 12.99 | 
        28.00 ± 11.61  | 
        1.635 | 
        0.099 | 
         
      
        | Male/Female | 
        0/20  | 
        14/6  | 
        13/7  | 
        1.203 | 
        0.120 | 
         
      
        | Duration  (year,    mean ± SD) | 
        3.10    ± 0.52  | 
        4.73    ± 4.47 | 
        -  | 
        0.635 | 
        0.523 | 
         
      
        | Clinical types | 
        Malar/centrofacial
          9/11 | 
        Focal/ generalized/ acrofacial 2/15/3  | 
        -  | 
        2.325 | 
        0.042* | 
         
      
        | With/without family history +ve/-ve | 
        13/7  | 
        3/17 | 
        -  | 
        10.42 | 
        0.017* | 
         
      |