Study Location/Database Number of Cases1 Description of Study Population Reference
TC after primary CM
Denmark 1943-1989 CM Total: 12,460 M: 5,061 F: 7,399 Race: not specified Invasive CM only Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Time from CM diagnosis: not specified Swerdlow et al., 2009
U.S. SEER-13 1973-2003 CM Total: 151,996 M: 82,143 F: 69,853 Race: not specified Invasive CM and MIS Mean age at CM diagnosis: 54 years Time from CM diagnosis: 2 months Spanogle et al., 2010
U.S. SEER-9 1973-2006 CM Total: 89,515 M: 47,804 F: 41,711 Race: Whites Invasive CM only Mean age at CM diagnosis: 54 years Time from CM diagnosis: 2 months Bradford et al., 2010
U.S. SEER-13 1992-2006 CM Total: 116,922 M: 63,728 F: 53,194 Race: all Invasive CM (65%); MIS (35%) Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Time from CM diagnosis: 0 months Balamurugan et al., 2011
Norway 1955-2008 CM Total: 28,069 M: 12,933 F: 15,136 Race:  not specified Invasive CM only Mean age at CM diagnosis: 55.6 years Time from CM diagnosis: not specified Robsahm et al., 2014
CM after primary TC
Norway 1955-1985 TC Total: 3,626 M: 906 F: 2,720 Race: not specified TC type: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from TC diagnosis: 2 months Akslen et al.,1992
Germany2 1960-1988 TC Total: 298 M: 90 F: 208 Race: not specified TC type: PTC and FTC Mean age at TC diagnosis:  not specified Time from TC diagnosis:  not specified Glanzmann et al., 1992
  Sweden, 1951-1977 Italy, 1958-1995 France, 1934-1995 TC Sweden: 1,894 Italy: 1,894 France: 3,053 Race: not specified TC type: PTC and FTC Mean age at TC diagnosis: 44 years Time from TC diagnosis: 24 months Rubino et al., 2003
France2 1960-1998 TC Total: 875 M: 146 F: 729 Race: not specified TC type: PTC (86%); FTC (14%) Mean age at TC diagnosis: 46 years Time from TC diagnosis: 12 months Berthe et al., 2004
California3 1988-1999 TC Total: 13,937 M: 0 F: 13,937 Race: all TC type: PTC (100%); FTC (0%) Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Time from TC diagnosis: 1 month Canchola et al., 2006
U.S. SEER-172 1973-2002 TC Total: 30,278 M: 7,219 F: 23,059 Race: not specified TC type: PTC (88%); FTC (12%) Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from TC diagnosis: 2 months Brown et al., 2008
U.S. SEER-9 1988-2007 TC Total: not specified Race: All TC type: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from TC diagnosis: 2 months Yang et al., 2011
TC after primary CM and CM after primary TC
Connecticut2 1935-1982 CM Total: 4,693 M: 2,336 F: 2,357 TC Total: 2,284 M: 603 F: 1,681   Race: not specified Invasive CM only TC type: not specified Mean age at CM diagnosis: 52 years Mean age at TC diagnosis: 46 years Time from primary diagnosis: 2 months Tucker et al., 1985
U.S. SEER-9 1973-2000 CM Total: not specified TC Total: 29,456 M: 7,406 F: 22,050 Race: All Invasive CM only TC type: PTC (78%); FTC (15%); MTC (7%) Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: 43 years Time from primary diagnosis: 2 months Ronckers et al., 2005
U.S. SEER-9 1973-2000 CM Total: 73,274 TC Total: 27,138 Race: Whites Invasive CM only TC type: not specified Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from primary diagnosis: 1 month Goggins et al., 2006
Europe, Canada, Australia, Singapore 1953-19984 CM Total: not specified TC Total: 39,002 M: 9,972 F: 29,030 Race: not specified CM type: not specified TC type: PTC (39.8%), FTC (13.5%), MTC (3%), other/unknown (43.7%) Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from primary diagnosis: not specified Sandeep et al., 2006
Utah 1966-2011 CM Total: 14,569 M: 8,086 F: 6,483 PTC Total: 4,460 M: 984 F: 3,476 Race: not specified CM type: not specified PTC only Mean age at CM diagnosis: not specified Mean age at TC diagnosis: not specified Time from primary diagnosis: not specified Oakley et al., 2014
TC, Thyroid cancer; CM, cutaneous melanoma; M, males; F, females; MIS, melanoma in-situ; PTC: papillary thyroid carcinoma, FTC: follicular thyroid carcinoma, MTC: medullary thyroid carcinoma 1The number of cases refers to the total number of cases evaluated for subsequent cancer in each study, not necessarily the number of cases with both CM and TC. 2These studies do not specify invasive or MIS. 3Although the total cases include all races and both genders, the subsequent analysis was limited to 10,932 White women with PTC. 4This study included 13 population-based cancer registries; Australia, New South Wales (1972–1997); Canada, British Columbia (1970–1998); Canada, Manitoba (1970–1998); Canada, Saskatchewan (1967–1998); Denmark (1943–1997); Finland (1953–1998); Iceland (1955–2000); Norway (1953–1999); Singapore (1968–1992); Slovenia (1961–1998); Spain, Zaragoza (1978–1998); Sweden (1961–1998); UK, Scotland (1975–1996).
Table 1: Characteristics of identified population-based studies, including those examining risk of TC after primary CM, risk of CM after primary TC, and studies that looked at both populations.