Figure 3: Comparison of the antioxidant activity of the macular xanthophyll, lutein, in raft-domain-containing and homogeneous membranes. Antioxidant activity is expressed as (A) a ratio of the rate of lipid hydroperoxide accumulation in membranes in the absence and presence of 0.1 mol% lutein, as a ratio of the oxygen consumption rate in membrane suspension in the absence and presence of (B) 0.3 mol% and (C) 0.5 mol% lutein, and (D) as a ratio of the MDA-TBA adduct accumulation rate in the absence and presence of 0.5 mol% lutein. Homogeneous membranes were made of dioleoylphospatidylcholine (DOPC) (A, B, and C) and didocosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (DHAPC) (D). Raftdomain- containing membranes were made of DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol equimolar mixtre (A, B, and C) and DHAPC/distearoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol equimolar mixture (D). For more details see Ref. [74].