| Factors |
Odds ratio |
p-value |
| Type of Injury |
Rupture |
1 |
- |
| |
Penetrating/Perforating |
0.3 |
0.15 |
| |
Intraocular foreign body |
0.1 |
0.99 |
| Grade of Injury |
VA ≥ 5/200 |
1 |
- |
| |
VA <5/200 |
39.0 |
<0.01 |
| Pupil |
Negative RAPD |
1 |
- |
| |
Positive RAPD |
29.1 |
<0.01 |
| Zone of Injury |
I: Cornea |
1 |
- |
| |
II: Limbus & Anterior sclera |
0.97 |
0.95 |
| |
III: Posterior sclera |
14.1 |
<0.01 |
| Associated clinical features |
Hyphema |
10.8 |
<0.01 |
| |
Iris prolapse |
4.8 |
<0.01 |
| |
Lens damage |
7.0 |
<0.01 |
| |
Vitreous hemorrhage |
25.2 |
<0.01 |
| |
Vitreous prolapse |
12.6 |
<0.01 |
| |
Uveal prolapse |
12.2 |
<0.01 |
| |
Retinal detachment |
22.9 |
<0.01 |
| |
Fracture of orbit |
13.9 |
<0.01 |
VA: Visual Acuity; RAPD: Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect |
