Factors Odds ratio p-value
Type of Injury Rupture 1 -
  Penetrating/Perforating 0.4 0.12
  Intraocular foreign body 0.1 0.99
Grade of Injury VA ≥ 5/200 1 -
  VA <5/200 14.3 <0.01
Pupil Negative RAPD 1 -
  Positive RAPD 2.4 0.15
Zone of Injury I: Cornea 1 -
  II: Limbus & Anterior sclera 0.8 0.69
  III: Posterior sclera 18.2 0.03
VA: Visual Acuity; RAPD: Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
Table 4: Factors associated with profound visual loss using multivariate analysis