Figure 4: Immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA, desmin and VEGF. (A) Representative micrograph showing the abundant presence of cells α-SMA+ in patients treated with the placebo. The number of cells decreased in patients that received α-lipoic acid. (B) No significant difference in VEGF+ was observed in patients that received oral α-lipoic acid 1 month prior to surgery (X100 and X400).