Figure 3: Aqueous levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, 8, 10, 13, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in all groups. All the levels of cytokines in each DME group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001,Mann-Whitney test, respectively) (Top left) The level of IL-6 in the CME and combined groups were significantly higher than in the SDRT group (CME vs. SDRT, P=0.001; combined vs. SDRT,P=0.025, Mann-Whitney test). No statistically significant differences in IL-6 levels were found between the CME group and the combined group (P=0.237, Mann-Whitney test). IL-6 level in the SRD group was significantly lower than in the other DME groups (CME vs. SRD, P<0.001; combined vs. SRD, P<0.001; SDRT vs. SRD, P=0.036, Mann-Whitney test). (Top right) (Middle left)(Middle right) There were no statistically significant differences of the levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-13 among the four DME groups(P=0.531, P=0.556, P=0.447, Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively).(Bottom left) The MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in the CME group than in the SDRT, SRD, and combined groups (CMEvs. SDRT, P=0.004; CME vs. SRD, P<0.001; CME vs. combined,P=0.003, Mann-Whitney test). No statistically significant differences in MCP-1 levels were found among the SDRT, SRD,and combined groups (P=0.215, Kruskal-Wallis test). (Bottom right) The levels of VEGF were significantly higher in the SDRT,CME, and combined groups than in the SRD group (SDRT vs.SRD, P<0.001; CME vs. SRD, P<0.001; combined vs. SRD, P=0.006,Mann-Whitney test). No statistically significant differences in VEGF levels were found among the SDRT, CME, and combined groups (P=0.393, Kruskal-Wallis test).