Authors Year Etiology Signs and Symptoms Treatment Diagnostic work-up
Curi et al. [1] 2003 Bartonellahenselae 24 patients (37 eyes); 66% history of cat exposure; decreased visual acuity; 50% bilateral disease; fever, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly; retinal infiltrates, angiomatous lesions, neuroretinitis Doxycycline PO/IV or ciprofloxacin Serology and clinical history
Parentin et al. [2] 2007 Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 14 y/o f, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, tender preauricular and submandibular lymphadenopathy; systemic malaise & fever Acyclovir PO PCR (skin and conjunctival scrapings) and late HSV-1 seroconversion (IgG and IgM)
Ridder et al. [3] 2005 (1997 to 2003) Bartonellahenselae 8 cases of POGS Macrolides or quinolones Seroconversion and skin biopsy PCR
Kymionis et al. [4] 2004 Bartonellahenselae 65 y/o m, FOB left eye with granulomatous nodule on palpebral conjunctiva, chemosis and swollen preauricular lymph node Ciprofloxacin PO Late onset of serologic positive titers
Komitovaa et al. [5] 2003 Bartonellahenselae 14 y/o f, 12 day history of right eye redness, preauricular lymphadenopathy and low-grade fever for 4 days. Initially unresponsive to cephalexin (5 d), amoxicillin (4 d) and gentamycin (3 d) by different providers; responded to: spiramycin (3 d), then clarithromycin (15 d) and TMP-SMX (10 d) Seroconversion (IFA) with history of kitten scratch
Murakamimi et al. [6] 2002 Bartonellahenselae 2 cases of POGS 2 cases of POGS Seroconversion (IFA)
Starck et al. [7] 2002 Bartonellahenselae 65 y/o m; foreign body sensation in left eye, injection, chemosis and preauricular lymph node Initially steroids (loteprednol) with no improvement; then azithromycin PO Conjunctival swab PCR and borderline positive serology
Costa et al.[8] 2002 Paracoccidiodomycosis 31 y/o m, cervical lymphadenopathy x 5 months, low grade fever, malaise and weight loss, ocular pain and purulent discharge right eye; pre- and retro-auricular lymph nodes Cotrimoxazole Cervical lymph node biopsy culture and serology, chest x-ray
Thompson et al. [9] 2001 Tularemia (Francisellatularensis) Unilateral granulomatous conjunctivitis, painful preauricular and submandibular lymphadenopathy with general malaise and fever Streptomycin IM, nafcillin IV History of encounter with a wild rabbit; conjunctival culture and serology
Grando et al. [10] 1999 Bartonellahenselae 38 y/o f tender preauricular lymphadenopathy, red left eye; intraretinal lesions and cotton-wool-spots Amoxicillin, doxycycline, tobramycin PO, and chloramphenicol (topical) Agar plate colony culture from the eye; PCR; serology
Wong et al. [11] 1995 Bartonellahenselae 6 y/o f, neuroretinitis and POGS Erythromycin, rifampin Seroconversion (IFA)
Kruse et al. [12] 1995 Bartonellahenselae 35 y/o m, enlarged preauricular lymph node, ipsilateralconjunctival granuloma Surgical removal of granulomatous lesion led to rapid healing Seroconversion
Table 3: List of all cases of POGS reported between 1995 and 2013. y/o: year-old; m: male; f: female; IFA: Indirect Immuno-Fluorescence; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; FOB: Foreign Object; IV: Intravenous; IM: Intramuscular.