| Process |
Emission |
Wastewater |
Solid Wastes |
| Fibre preparation |
Little or none |
Little or none |
Fibre waste and packaging waste |
| Yarn spinning |
Little or none |
Little or none |
Packaging wastes, sized yarn, fibre waste, cleaning and processing waste |
| Slashing/sizing |
VOCs |
BOD, COD, metals, cleaning waste, size |
Fibre lint, yarn waste, packaging waste, unused starch-based sizes |
| Weaving |
Little or none |
Little or none |
Packaging waste yarn and fabric scraps, off - spec fabric, used oil |
| Knitting |
Little or none |
Little or none |
Packaging waste, yarn, fabric scraps. |
| Tufting |
Little or none |
Little or none |
Packaging waste, yarn, fabric scraps, off-spec fabric |
| Desizing |
VOCs from glycol esters |
BOD from sizes lubricants, biocides, anti-static compounds |
Packaging waste, fibre lint, yarn waste, cleaning and maintenance materials |
| Scouring |
VOCs from glycol ester and scouring solvents |
Disinfectants, insecticide recisues, NaOH,detergents oils, knitting lubricants, spin finishes,spent solvents |
Little or none |
| Bleaching |
Little or none |
H2O2, stabilizers, high pH |
Little or none |
| Singeing |
Small amount of exhaust gases from the burners exhausted with components |
Little or none |
Little or none |
| Mercerising |
Little or none |
High pH, NaOH |
Little or none |
| Heat setting |
Volatilisation of spin finish agents-synthetic fibre manufacture |
Little or none |
Little or none |
| Dyeing |
VOCs |
Metals, salt, surfactants, organic
processing
assistants, cationic materials, colour, BOD, COD, sulphide, acidity/alkalinity, spent solvents |
Little or none
|
| Printing |
Solvents, acetic acid- drying and curing oven emission combustion gases |
Suspended solids, urea, solvents, colour, metals, heat, BOD, foam |
Little or none
|
| Finishing |
VOCs, contaminants in purchased chemicals, formaldehyde vapours, combustion gases |
COD, suspended solids, toxic materials, spent solvents |
Fabric scraps and trimmings, packaging waste |
|
