Figure 7: Chronic ethanol feeding and PPAR agonist treatment effects on mitochondrial structure. Adult male Long Evans rats were fed with liquid diets containing (A-D) 0% or (E-H) 37% ethanol for 8 weeks, and administered i.p. injections of (A,E) vehicle, or a (B,F) PPAR-α, (C,G) PPAR- δ, or (D,H) PPAR-γ agonist. Spurr’s resin-embedded, 50-60 nm thick sections of liver were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined by EM. (A-D) Control livers had relatively uniform size and shape of mitochondria with complex matrix/cristae. (E,F) Ethanol+vehicle and ethanol+PPAR-α agonist treated livers exhibited mega-mitochondria that displaced and distorted the RER. (G,H) Ethanol+PPAR-δ and ethanol+PPAR-γ agonist treated livers had mitochondria that were similar to control. Original magnifications, 44000x.