Figure 1: De novo synthesis of Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P). The metabolism of sphingolipids produces ceramide and sphingomyelin. Sphingomyelinase, ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 are required to produce S1P. The degradation of S1P is achieved by the enzymes S1P phosphatase and S1P lyase.