| Species | 
        Sphingolipids identified | 
        References | 
       
      
        | Leishmania major | 
        SM, IPC | 
        [131,132] | 
       
      
        | Trypanosoma brucei | 
        IPC | 
        [133] | 
       
      
        |   | 
        EPC (in peripheral blood) | 
        [134] | 
       
      
        |   | 
        SM | 
        [135] | 
       
      
        |   | 
        Glycosyl-cer | 
        [136] | 
       
      
        | Trypanosoma cruzi | 
        SM, IPC | 
        [137,138] | 
       
      
        | Toxoplasma gondii | 
        Glycosyl-cer, SM, IPC | 
        [2,139] | 
       
      
        | Trichomonas vaginalis | 
        SM, IPC | 
        [140] | 
       
      
        | Giardia lamblia | 
        SM | 
        [83] | 
       
      
        | Plasmodium falciparum | 
        Glycosyl-cer, SM | 
        [88,141,142] | 
       
      |