System   Technology Major application ChemScan RDI   Solid-phase LASER AVC fluorescence scanning microscopy MicroPRO (RBD 3000) Fluorescence flow cytometry AVC/PA RapiScreen/ AkuScreen ATP bioluminescence P/A BacT/ALERT CO2 colorimetric detection P/A Pallchek Membrane filtration ATP bioluminescence P/A BACTEC 9000 CO2 detection fluorescence P/A Endosafe PTS Handheld chromogenic Surface monitoring LAL endotoxin assay Bacterial endotoxin assay   Abbreviations: AVC, aerobic viable count; P/A, presence/absence; LAL, Limulus amebocyte lysate.

Table 1: Some Representative RMM Frequently Implemented in the Pharmaceutical Industry.