Titanium,
 µg mL-1
Recovery, %*
Unloaded PAR-immobilized
A B A B
0.05 102 ±2 100  ±2 101 ±2.8 101 ±2.6
0.5 99 ±1.5 99 ±1.5 98.2 ±1.6 98.2 ±1.8
5 98 ±1 98 ±1 98 ±2.4 98.5 ±1.7
10 97.5 ±1 97 ±1 96.5 ±2.9 97 ±2.1
*Average of five measurements ±relative standard deviation
Table 2: Results of analysis of tap (A) and wastewater (B) samples using the developed unloaded and PAR-immobilized PUF packed columns.