Type of sample Preliminary sample preparation Extraction QuEChERS Clean-up dSPE Preparation of purified extract for analysis Time of sample preparation References A - add 3 mL of hot water - dissolution - add 3 mL of ACN - shake (30 s) - add 6 g of MgSO4 and 1.5 g of NaCl and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 2 min) - 1 mL of solvent extract - add of 150 mg of MgSO4, 50 mg of PSA and shake (30 s) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 2 min) 0.5 mL of final extracts for analysis 6 min [54] - add 10 mL of water, 150 µL of NH4OH and homogenization (1 min) - add 10 mL of ACN - homogenization (1 min) - add 4 g of MgSO4 and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (8000 rpm, 10 min) - 10 µL of final extracts for analysis 13 min [55] - heating the sample in water bath at 45°C (1 min) and homogenization - add 5.0 mL of aqueous 0.1 mol/L Na4EDTA and 5.0 mL of ACN - shake (3 min) - add 6 g of MgSO4 and 1.5 g of NaCl and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (2200 rpm, 8 min) - 2 mL of solvent extract - add of 120 mg of MgSO4, 100 mg of PSA and shake (3 min) - centrifugation (1800 rpm, 8 min) - filtration (PVDF, 0.2 µm) - 1 mL of final extracts for analysis with IS 24 min [56] - - add of 10 mL of water and 10 mL of ACN - shake (1 min) - add 4 g of MgSO4,1 g of NaCl, 1 g of trisodium citrate and 0.5 g of disodium citrate and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min) - 6 mL of solvent extract - add of 900 mg of MgSO4, 150 mg of PSA and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min) - 13 min [57] B freeze drying - add of 7.5 mL of water and 10 mL of ACN - shake (1 min) - add of 0.5 g of disodium citrate, 1 g of trisodium citrate, 4 g of MgSO4,1 g of NaCl and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (600 rpm, 5 min) - 1 mL of solvent extract - add of 750 mg of MgSO4, 125 mg of PSA, 15 mg of GCB and shake (2 min) - centrifugation (600 rpm, 5 min) - filtration (PVDF, 0.2 µm) 14 min [58] B - - add 15 mL of an ACN–water mixture (2:1, v/v) and homogenization (30 s) - add of 0.5 g of disodium citrate, 1 g of trisodium citrate, 4 g of MgSO4,1 g of NaCl and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (4500 rpm, 2.5 min) -freezing out clean-up (−26°C for 2 h) - 5 mL of solvent extract was decantation and filtration through a cotton wool - add 500 mg of MgSO4, 450 mg of C18, 200 mg of PSA and 50 mg of GCB and shake (2 min) - centrifugation (4500 rpm, 2.5 min) - 3 mL of extract was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue was re-dissolved in 1.5 mL toluene ~ 2.5 h [45] A - - add 10 mL of water and 10 mL of ACN - add of 0.5 g of disodium citrate, 1 g of trisodium citrate, 4 g of MgSO4,1 g of NaCl and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min) - add 25 mg mL of MgSO4, 150 mg/mL of PSA and shake (30 s) -centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min) - 11.5 min [58] B frozen - add 25 mg mL of MgSO4 and C18, 150 mg/mL of PSA and shake (30 s) - centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min) A - add 10 mL of water - dissolution - add 10 mL of ACN - add the salts kit (4 g MgSO4 and 0.5 g NaCl) and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (4400 rpm, 3 min) - 1 mL of solvent extract - add a purification kit (150 mg MgSO4, and 25 mg PSA) and shake (1 min) - centrifugation (5000 rpm, 1 min) 0.5 mL of final extracts for analysis 6 min This work B freeze drying - add 10 mL of water and 10 mL of ACN and shake (30 s) - add of 3 mL of n-hexane and salts kit (4 g MgSO4 and 0.5 g NaCl) and shake (30 s) - centrifugation (4400 rpm, 3 min)

A – honey samples B – honeybee samples

Table 4: The main differences between developed procedure and other published method based on the application of QuEChERS approach for determination of pesticide residues in honey and honeybee samples.