| |
AVs with HO (n=21) |
AVs without HO (n=54) |
P-value |
| Age (y), range (mean) |
52-84 (70.8) |
50-88 (71.5) |
0.845* |
| Gender (male/female) |
15/6 |
31/23 |
0.392† |
| Moderate to severe calcification |
21 |
27 |
<0.001‡ |
| Moderate to severe fibrous thickening |
18 |
17 |
<0.001‡ |
| Neovessels (ThKA-Vs and/or ThNC-Vs) |
21 |
33 |
<0.001‡ |
| ThKA-Vs |
13 |
18 |
0.046† |
| ThNC-Vs only |
8 |
15 |
0.554‡ |
| Foamy cell aggregation |
10 |
17 |
0.299† |
| Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration |
19 |
18 |
<0.001‡ |
| Metaplastic cartilage (hyaline and/or fibrous cartilage) |
10 |
3 |
<0.001‡ |
AVs: aortic valves; HO: heterotopic ossification; ThNC-Vs: thin capillary vessel-like neovessels; ThKA-Vs: thick arteriole-like neovessels.
*Mann-Whitney U test.
†Chi-square test.
‡Fisher’s exact test. |
