TGF-Β signaling components are known to regulate: TGF-Β signaling components may regulate:
Insulin gene transcription Β-cell response to hyperglycemia:
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion Adaptive dedifferentiation
Compensatory Β-cell proliferation accompanied by transient dedifferentiation to a PP+ state NF-κB-mediated Β-cellapoptosis in the context ofislet inflammation
Mature Β-cell transcriptional program (through MafA expression)  
The left-hand column summarizes established findings; the right-hand
column offers hypotheses for further studies.
 
Table 1: A visual summary of the role of TGF-β signaling in β-cell
function.