| Industrial plants |
Production areas |
Mean airborne levels (µg/m3) ± SD |
Mean urinary levels (µg/g creatinine) ± SD |
| N |
Ni |
Cr |
Ni |
Cr |
| Lead acid battery recycling |
41 |
3.6 ± 1.1 |
2.4 ± 0.7 |
4.4 ± 1.8 |
2.1 ± 0.8 |
| Lead acid battery manufacturing |
40 |
2.7 ± 0.8 |
1.9 ± 0.5 |
2.8 ± 1.2 |
1.7 ± 0.7 |
| Tannery |
31 |
3.8 ± 1.1 |
23.4 ± 11.6* |
3.1 ± 1.1 |
35.2 ± 12.1* |
| Welding |
40 |
10.3 ± 4.3* |
9.2 ± 2.9 |
28.4 ± 7.8* |
24.7 ± 8.2 |
| Pharmaceutical |
40 |
1.9 ± 0.7 |
1.4 ± 0.7 |
2.2 ± 1.2 |
1.6 ± 0.8 |
| Paint Manufacturing |
41 |
5.9 ± 3.0 |
6.0 ± 2.7 |
14.6 ± 8.2 |
9.8 ± 5.3 |
*Levels of Cr and Ni that was significant with respect to the production areas in different types of plants. |
