|
1st year |
Paired |
2nd year |
Paired |
1st year |
2nd year |
Paired |
| Before |
After |
p-value |
Before |
After |
p-value |
Before |
After |
p-value |
| Anthropometry and blood pressure |
| Weight (kg) |
58.1±1.2 |
57.4 ± 1.2 |
* |
57.5 ± 1.2 |
57.2 ± 1.1 |
NS |
58.1 ± 1.2 |
57.2 ± 1.1 |
*** |
| Girth of abdoment (cm) |
84.5 ± 0.8 |
86.8 ± 0.9 |
*** |
83.8 ± 0.3 |
85.0 ± 0.3 |
NS |
84.5 ± 0.8 |
85.0 ± 0.3 |
NS |
| BMI |
22.7 ± 4.4 |
22.4 ± 5.3 |
* |
22.4 ± 4.3 |
22.3 ± 4.5 |
NS |
22.7 ± 4.4 |
22.3 ± 4.5 |
*** |
| Maximal bloodpressure (mmHg) |
133 ± 2.1 |
126.4± 2.2 |
*** |
136.2± 2.0 |
128.0± 1.3 |
*** |
133 ± 2.1 |
128.0± 1.3 |
* |
| Minimal blood pressure (mmHg) |
77.2 ± 1.4 |
74.0 ± 1.2 |
* |
80.4 ± 1.1 |
73.5 ± 0.9 |
*** |
77.2 ± 1.4 |
73.5 ± 0.9 |
* |
| Physical fitness tests |
| Handgrip strength (kg) |
30.6 ± 1.0 |
31.0 ± 1.0 |
NS |
31.0 ± 1.0 |
31.0 ± 1.0 |
NS |
30.6 ± 1.0 |
31.0 ± 1.0 |
NS |
| Sit-up (times) |
12.4 ± 0.6 |
14.7 ± 0.8 |
*** |
14.2 ± 0.8 |
17.4 ± 0.8 |
*** |
12.4 ± 0.6 |
17.4 ± 0.8 |
*** |
| Sit and research flexibility (cm) |
39.4 ± 1.2 |
39.8 ± 1.3 |
NS |
41.5 ± 1.2 |
42 ± 1.3 |
NS |
39.4 ± 0.6 |
42 ± 1.3 |
* |
| Eyes open single leg stance (sec) |
86.2 ± 5.4 |
88.9 ± 5.9 |
NS |
95.5 ± 5.1 |
98.7 ± 4.6 |
NS |
86.2 ± 5.4 |
98.7 ± 4.6 |
*** |
| 10-meter obstance (sec) |
5.1 ± 0.1 |
4.3 ± 0.1 |
*** |
4.7 ± 0.1 |
4.0 ± 0.1 |
*** |
5.1 ± 0.1 |
4.0 ± 0.1 |
*** |
| 6-minute walk (m) |
637.4 ± 5.3 |
689.8 ± 7.7 |
*** |
674.4 ± 6.9 |
716.1 ± 9.8 |
*** |
637.4 ± 5.3 |
716.1 ± 9.8 |
*** |
| Blood |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
215.9 ± 5.3 |
216 ± 4.4 |
NS |
216.2 ± 4.3 |
215.5 ± 4.5 |
NS |
215.9 ± 5.3 |
215.5 ± 4.5 |
NS |
| HDL (mg/dL) |
68.5 ± 2.4 |
72.4 ± 2.7 |
*** |
69.6 ± 2.5 |
73.2 ± 2.6 |
*** |
68.5 ± 2.4 |
73.2 ± 2.6 |
*** |
| LDL(mg/dL) |
132.3 ± 5.0 |
126.4 ± 3.8 |
NS |
130 ± 44.0 |
127.4 ± 4.1 |
NS |
132.3 ± 5.0 |
127.4 ± 4.1 |
NS |
| neutral fat (mg/dL) |
103.1 ± 6.4 |
113.9 ± 9.4 |
NS |
117.2 ± 10.1 |
99.9 ± 7.7 |
* |
103.1 ± 6.4 |
99.9 ± 7.7 |
NS |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) |
5.4 ± 0.1 |
5.1 ± 0.15 |
*** |
4.9 ± 1.1 |
5.1 ± 1.2 |
NS |
5.4 ± 0.1 |
5.1 ± 1.2 |
*** |
| Blood sugar (mg/dL) |
101.6 ± 1.3 |
100.1 ± 1.7 |
NS |
100.2 ± 1.5 |
103.1 ± 2.0 |
* |
101.6 ± 1.3 |
103 ± 2.0 |
NS |
| G0/No-Go task (ms) |
| Response time total (ms) |
343.7 ± 6.6 |
402.5 ± 8.8 |
*** |
338.08 ± 6.3 |
331.8 ± 6.2 |
NS |
343.7 ± 6.6 |
331.8 ± 6.2 |
NS |
| The number of error total(times) |
5.3 ± 0.4 |
2.5 ± 0.4 |
*** |
3.0 ± 0.4 |
2.9 ± 0.2 |
NS |
5.3 ± 0.4 |
2.9 ± 0.2 |
*** |
| (Mean ± SE, NS: Not Significant, *.p,0.06, **.p,0.01, ***.p,0.001 |
