Factors   Case:n=112 (%) Control: n=449 (%) COR(95% CI)
Gastritis Yes 26(23.2) 40(8.9) 3.1(1.7, 5.3)*
No 86(76.8) 409(91.1) 1
Duodenal bleeding Yes 5(4.5) 9(2.0) 2.3(1.8,6.9)*
No 107(95.5) 440(97.9) 1
Medication drugs Yes 20(17.8) 39(8.7) 2.3(1.2,4.1)*
No 92(82.1) 410(91.3) 1
Diarrheas episode Yes 5(4.5) 8(1.7) 2.5(0.8,8.0)
No 107(95.5) 441(98.2) 1
Intestinal parasite Yes 35(31.3) 52(11.6) 3.4(2.1,5.7)*
No 77(68.8) 397(88.4) 1
Malaria Infection Yes 17(15.7) 37(8.2) 1.9(1.1,3.6)*
No 95(84.8) 412(91.8) 1
Chronic kidney disease Yes 31(27.6) 59(13.1) 2.5(1.5,4.2)*
No 81(72.2) 390(86.9) 1
Chronic disease♠ Yes 7(6.3) 22(4.9) 1.5(0.5,3.1)
No 105(93.8) 427(95.1) 1
Hemorrhoids Yes 5(4.5) 10(2.2) 2.1(0.6,6.1)
No 107(95) 439(97.2) 1
Gum bleeding Yes 10(8.9) 19(4.2) 2.2(1.0,4.9)*
No 102(91.0) 430(95.8) 1
Know about anemia Yes 28(25) 142(31.6) 0.7(0.4,1.1)
No 84(75) 307(68.4) 1
COR (Crude Odds Ratio); ♠Chronic diseases includes: Hypertension, Diabetics, Hepatitis, Skin disease, Asthmatic and Epileptic; *P<0.05.
Table 5: Health and medication characteristics of pregnant women aged 15-39 years in Hawassa and Yirgalem health facilities (N=561).